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In general, the allocation of costs between branches of one taxable person is not subject to VAT. However, there are exceptions to this rule. The ECJ previously established this in the case Skandia America and has now confirmed it. This judgment is interesting for all taxable persons having branches in other countries if at least one of these branches is part of a VAT group int the respective country. According to the ECJ, supplies between these branches can be taxable. This results in financial implications in cases where the recipient is not entitled to full input VAT deduction. All other taxable persons “merely” have to observe the correct legal consequences from a VAT perspective.
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In principle, only the person who has the right to dispose of the imported goods when the customs declaration is filed may claim import VAT as input VAT. In 2019, the UK authorities HMRC startled companies and trade organiza-tions. Since this rule has not always been adhered to in the past, HMRC not only wanted to enforce the rule more strictly but (perhaps unintentionally?) tightened it significantly. Having retained its view in 2020 – despite a large number of submissions from the business community – HMRC is now taking a significant step backwards. However, the deduction of import VAT remains demanding. Taxable persons should act with due diligence.
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The apportionment of input VAT deduction for mixed-use buildings has repeatedly been the subject of fiscal court proceedings. The German Federal Fiscal Court now states: The taxpayer is not bound to the proportion chosen if it transpires later that it is not appropriate. The taxpayer therefore has a de facto right of choice in these circumstances. The burden of proof as to whether the proportion according to the square footage is more accurate than the allocation according to the turnover lies with the tax office. In the case of significant differences in the equipment of mixed-use buildings, the input VAT is to be allocated according to the (object-related) proportion of the turnover.
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