Fixed establishments and their requirements are a constant source of questions referred to the ECJ. In practice, it is often not easy to determine whether a fixed establishment exists. The ECJ has previously dealt with the issue of whether a subsidiary can also constitute a fixed establishment of its foreign parent company (C-260/95 - DFDS, C-318/111 - Daimler AG). In the current Dong Yang case (C-547/18), the ECJ was required to concern itself with this question once again.
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